Pembahasan Soal Un Limit Fungsi Aljabar

Pembahasan soal-soal Ujian Nasional (UN) SMA bidang studi Matematika IPA untuk pokok bahasan Limit Fungsi Aljabar.

1. EBT 2003
Nilai dari \(\mathrm{_{x \to 2}^{lim}\frac{4-x^{2}}{3-\sqrt{x^{2}+5}}}\) = ...
A.  −12
B.  −6
C.  0
D.  6
E.  12

Pembahasan :
\(\begin{align} \mathrm{\lim_{x \to 2}\,\frac{4-x^{2}}{3-\sqrt{x^{2}+5}}} & = \mathrm{\lim_{x \to 2}\,\frac{4-x^{2}}{3-\sqrt{x^{2}+5}}\cdot \frac{3+\sqrt{x^{2}+5}}{3+\sqrt{x^{2}+5}}} \\ & = \mathrm{\lim_{x \to 2}\,\frac{\left ( 4-x^{2} \right )\left (3+\sqrt{x^{2}+5} \right )}{9-\left (x^{2}+5 \right )}} \\ & = \mathrm{\lim_{x \to 2}\,\frac{\left ( 4-x^{2} \right )\left (3+\sqrt{x^{2}+5} \right )}{4-x^{2}}} \\ & = \mathrm{\lim_{x \to 2}\,\left ( 3+\sqrt{x^{2}+5} \right )} \\ & = 3+\sqrt{2^{2}+5} \\ & = 6 \end{align}\)

Jawaban : D



2. UN 2004
Nilai \(\mathrm{_{x \to 2}^{lim}\left (\frac{2}{x^{2}-4}-\frac{3}{x^{2}+2x-8}  \right )}\) = ...
A.  \(-\frac{7}{12}\)
B.  \(-\frac{1}{4}\)
C.  \(-\frac{1}{12}\)
D.  \(-\frac{1}{24}\)
E.  0

Pembahasan :
\(\begin{align}
& \mathrm{\lim_{x \to 2}\left (\frac{2}{x^{2}-4}-\frac{3}{x^{2}+2x-8}  \right )} \\
& = \mathrm{\lim_{x \to 2}\left (\frac{2}{(x+2)(x-2)}-\frac{3}{(x+4)(x-2)}  \right )} \\
& = \mathrm{\lim_{x \to 2}\,\frac{2(x+4)-3(x+2)}{(x+2)(x-2)(x+4)}} \\
& = \mathrm{\lim_{x \to 2}\,\frac{-(x-2)}{(x+2)(x-2)(x+4)}} \\
& = \mathrm{\lim_{x \to 2}\,\frac{-1}{(x+2)(x+4)}} \\
& = \frac{-1}{(2+2)(2+4)} \\
& = -\frac{1}{24}
\end{align}\)

Jawaban : D



3. UN 2006
Nilai \(\mathrm{_{x \to 6}^{lim}\frac{\sqrt{3x-2}-\sqrt{2x+4}}{x-6}}\) = ...
A.  \(-\frac{1}{4}\)
B.  \(-\frac{1}{8}\)
C.  0
D.  \(\frac{1}{8}\)
E.  \(\frac{1}{4}\)

Pembahasan :
\(\begin{align}
& \mathrm{\lim_{x \to 6}\frac{\sqrt{3x-2}\,-\sqrt{2x+4}}{x-6}} \\
& = \mathrm{\lim_{x \to 6}\,\frac{\sqrt{3x-2}\,-\sqrt{2x+4}}{x-6}\cdot \frac{\sqrt{3x-2}\,+\sqrt{2x+4}}{\sqrt{3x-2}\,+\sqrt{2x+4}}} \\
& = \mathrm{\lim_{x \to 6}\,\frac{(3x-2)-(2x+4)}{(x-6)\left (\sqrt{3x-2}\,+\sqrt{2x+4}  \right )}} \\
& = \mathrm{\lim_{x \to 6}\,\frac{(x-6)}{(x-6)\left (\sqrt{3x-2}\,+\sqrt{2x+4}  \right )}} \\
& = \mathrm{\lim_{x \to 6}\,\frac{1}{\sqrt{3x-2}\,+\sqrt{2x+4}}} \\
& = \frac{1}{\sqrt{3(6)-2}\,+\sqrt{2(6)+4}} \\
& = \frac{1}{8}
\end{align}\)

Jawaban : D



4. UN 2007
Nilai \(\mathrm{_{x \to 3}^{lim}\frac{x^{2}-x-6}{4-\sqrt{5x+1}}}\) = ...
A.  −8
B.  −6
C.  6
D.  8
E.  ∞

Pembahasan :
\(\begin{align}
\mathrm{\lim_{x \to 3}\,\frac{x^{2}-x-6}{4-\sqrt{5x+1}}}
& = \mathrm{\lim_{x \to 3}\,\frac{x^{2}-x-6}{4-\sqrt{5x+1}}\cdot \frac{4+\sqrt{5x+1}}{4+\sqrt{5x+1}}} \\
& = \mathrm{\lim_{x \to 3}\,\frac{(x^{2}-x-6)\left ( 4+\sqrt{5x+1} \right )}{16-(5x+1)}} \\
& = \mathrm{\lim_{x \to 3}\,\frac{(x-3)(x+2)\left ( 4+\sqrt{5x+1} \right )}{-5(x-3)}} \\
& = \mathrm{\lim_{x \to 3}\,\frac{(x+2)\left ( 4+\sqrt{5x+1} \right )}{-5}} \\
& = \frac{(3+2)\left ( 4+\sqrt{5(3)+1} \right )}{-5} \\
& = -8
\end{align}\)

Jawaban : A



5. UN 2008
Nilai \(\mathrm{_{x \to 2}^{lim}\frac{x^{3}-4x}{x-2}}\) = ...
A.  32
B.  16
C.  8
D.  4
E.  2

Pembahasan :
\(\begin{align}
\mathrm{\lim_{x \to 2}\,\frac{x^{3}-4x}{x-2}}
& = \mathrm{\lim_{x \to 2}\,\frac{x\left (x^{2}-4  \right )}{x-2}} \\
& = \mathrm{\lim_{x \to 2}\,\frac{x(x+2)(x-2)}{x-2}} \\
& = \mathrm{\lim_{x \to 2}\,x(x+2)} \\
& = 2(2+2) \\
& = 8
\end{align}\)

Jawaban : C



6. UN 2009
Nilai \(\mathrm{_{x \to 3}^{lim}\frac{x^{2}-9}{\sqrt{10+2x}-(x+1)}}\) = ...
A.  −8
B.  −6
C.  4
D.  6
E.  8

Pembahasan :
\(\begin{align}
& \mathrm{\lim_{x \to 3}\,\frac{x^{2}-9}{\sqrt{10+2x}\,-(x+1)}} \\
& = \mathrm{\lim_{x \to 3}\,\frac{x^{2}-9}{\sqrt{10+2x}\,-(x+1)}\cdot \frac{\sqrt{10+2x}\,+(x+1)}{\sqrt{10+2x}\,+(x+1)}} \\
& = \mathrm{\lim_{x \to 3}\,\frac{\left (x^{2}-9  \right )\left ( \sqrt{10+2x}\,+(x+1) \right )}{10+2x-(x^{2}+2x+1)}} \\
& = \mathrm{\lim_{x \to 3}\,\frac{\left (x^{2}-9  \right )\left ( \sqrt{10+2x}\,+(x+1) \right )}{-\left (x^{2}-9  \right )}} \\
& = \mathrm{\lim_{x \to 3}\,\frac{\sqrt{10+2x}\,+(x+1)}{-1}} \\
& = \mathrm{\frac{ \sqrt{10+2(3)}\,+(3+1) }{-1}} \\
& = -8
\end{align}\)

Jawaban : A



7. UN 2010
Nilai \(\mathrm{_{x \to 0}^{lim}\left ( \frac{4x}{\sqrt{1-2x}-\sqrt{1+2x}} \right )}\) = ...
A.  −2
B.  0
C.  1
D.  2
E.  4

Pembahasan :
\(\begin{align}
& \mathrm{\lim_{x \to 0}\frac{4x}{\sqrt{1-2x}-\sqrt{1+2x}}} \\
& = \mathrm{\lim_{x \to 0}\frac{4x}{\sqrt{1-2x}-\sqrt{1+2x}}\cdot \frac{\sqrt{1-2x}+\sqrt{1+2x}}{\sqrt{1-2x}+\sqrt{1+2x}}} \\
& = \mathrm{\lim_{x \to 0}\frac{4x\left ( \sqrt{1-2x}+\sqrt{1+2x} \right )}{(1-2x)-(1+2x)}} \\
& = \mathrm{\lim_{x \to 0}\frac{4x\left ( \sqrt{1-2x}+\sqrt{1+2x} \right )}{-4x}} \\
& = \mathrm{\lim_{x \to 0}\frac{\sqrt{1-2x}+\sqrt{1+2x} }{-1}} \\
& = \mathrm{\frac{\sqrt{1-2(0)}+\sqrt{1+2(0)} }{-1}} \\
& = -2
\end{align}\)

Jawaban : A



8. UN 2011
Nilai \(\mathrm{_{x \to 4}^{lim}\frac{(x-4)}{\sqrt{x}-2}}\) = ...
A.  0
B.  4
C.  8
D.  12
E.  16

Pembahasan :
\(\begin{align}
\mathrm{\lim_{x \to 4}\frac{x-4}{\sqrt{x}-2}} & = \mathrm{\lim_{x \to 4}\frac{\left (\sqrt{x}-2  \right )\left ( \sqrt{x}+2 \right )}{\sqrt{x}-2}}  \\
& = \mathrm{\lim_{x \to 4}\left ( \sqrt{x}+2 \right )} \\
& = \sqrt{4}+2 \\
& = 4
\end{align}\)

Jawaban : B



9. UN 2012
Nilai \(\mathrm{_{x \to 3}^{lim}\frac{2-\sqrt{x+1}}{x-3}=...}\)
A.  \(-\frac{1}{4}\)
B.  \(-\frac{1}{2}\)
C.  1
D.  2
E.  4

Pembahasan :
\(\begin{align}
\mathrm{\lim_{x \to 3}\frac{2-\sqrt{x+1}}{x-3}} & = \mathrm{\lim_{x \to 3}\frac{2-\sqrt{x+1}}{x-3}\cdot \frac{2+\sqrt{x+1}}{2+\sqrt{x+1}}} \\
& = \mathrm{\lim_{x \to 3}\frac{4-(x+1)}{(x-3)\left ( 2+\sqrt{x+1} \right )}} \\
& = \mathrm{\lim_{x \to 3}\frac{-(x-3)}{(x-3)\left ( 2+\sqrt{x+1} \right )}} \\
& = \mathrm{\lim_{x \to 3}\frac{-1}{2+\sqrt{x+1}}} \\
& = \frac{-1}{2+\sqrt{3+1}} \\
& = -\frac{1}{4}
\end{align}\)

Jawaban : A



10. UN 2013
Nilai dari \(\begin{align}
\mathrm{\lim_{x \to \infty }\left ( (2x-1)-\sqrt{4x^{2}-6x-5} \right )=...}
\end{align}\)
A.  4
B.  2
C.  1
D.  \(\frac{1}{2}\)
E.  \(\frac{1}{4}\)

Pembahasan :
Misalkan  \(\begin{align}
\mathrm{\lim_{x \to \infty }\left ( (2x-1)-\sqrt{4x^{2}-6x-5} \right )=L}
\end{align}\)

\(\begin{align}
\mathrm{L}
& =\mathrm{\lim_{x \to \infty }\left ( \sqrt{(2x-1)^{2}}-\sqrt{4x^{2}-6x-5} \right )} \\
& = \mathrm{\lim_{x \to \infty }\left ( \sqrt{4x^{2}-4x+1}-\sqrt{4x^{2}-6x-5} \right )} \\
\end{align}\)

a = 4,  b = -4,  c = 1
p = 4,  q = -6,  r = -5

Karena a = p maka berlaku
\(\begin{align}
\mathrm{L = \frac{b-q}{2\sqrt{a}}=\frac{-4-(-6)}{2\sqrt{4}}=\frac{2}{4}=\frac{1}{2}}
\end{align}\)

Jawaban : D



11. UN 2013
Nilai dari \(\begin{align}
\mathrm{\lim_{x \to \infty }\;\frac{\sqrt{5-4x+3x^{2}}+\sqrt{4-3x+3x^{2}}}{2x}=...}
\end{align}\)
A.  0
B.  \(\frac{1}{3}\)√3
C.  √3
D.  2√3
E.  ∞

Pembahasan :
Karena pangkat tertinggi pembilang sama dengan pangkat tertinggi penyebut, maka nilai limit tak sampai diatas sama dengan koefisien pangkat tertinggi pembilang dibagi koefisien pangkat tertinggi penyebut.

\(\begin{align}
\mathrm{\lim_{x \to \infty }\;\frac{\sqrt{5-4x+3x^{2}}+\sqrt{4-3x+3x^{2}}}{2x}} & =\frac{\sqrt{3}+\sqrt{3}}{2} \\
& = \sqrt{3}
\end{align}\)

Jawaban : C



12. UN 2014
Nilai \(\begin{align}
\mathrm{\lim_{x \to \infty }\left ( \sqrt{9x^{2}+6x-2}-3x+1 \right )=...}
\end{align}\)
A.  5
B.  4
C.  3
D.  2
E.  1

Pembahasan :
Misalkan  \(\begin{align}
\mathrm{\lim_{x \to \infty }\left ( \sqrt{9x^{2}+6x-2}-3x+1 \right )=L}
\end{align}\)

\(\begin{align}
\mathrm{L}
& = \mathrm{\lim_{x \to \infty }\left ( \sqrt{9x^{2}+6x-2}-(3x-1) \right )} \\
& = \mathrm{\lim_{x \to \infty }\left ( \sqrt{9x^{2}+6x-2}-\sqrt{(3x-1)^{2}} \right )} \\
& = \mathrm{\lim_{x \to \infty }\left ( \sqrt{9x^{2}+6x-2}-\sqrt{9x^{2}-6x+1} \right )} \\
\end{align}\)

a = 9,  b = 6,  c = -2
p = 9,  q = -6,  r = 1

Karena a = p, maka berlaku :
\(\begin{align}
\mathrm{L=\frac{b-q}{2\sqrt{a}}=\frac{6-(-6)}{2\sqrt{9}}=\frac{12}{6}=2}
\end{align}\)

Jawaban : D



13. UN 2016
Nilai dari \(\begin{align}
\mathrm{\lim_{x \to \infty }\left ( \sqrt{4x^{2}+4x-3}-(2x-5) \right )=...}
\end{align}\)
A.  −6
B.  −4
C.  −1
D.  4
E.  6

Pembahasan :
Misalkan  \(\begin{align}
\mathrm{\lim_{x \to \infty }\left ( \sqrt{4x^{2}+4x-3}-(2x-5) \right )=L}
\end{align}\)

\(\begin{align}
\mathrm{L}
& = \mathrm{\lim_{x \to \infty }\left ( \sqrt{4x^{2}+4x-3}-\sqrt{(2x-5)^{2}} \right )} \\
& = \mathrm{\lim_{x \to \infty }\left ( \sqrt{4x^{2}+4x-3}-\sqrt{4x^{2}-20x+25} \right )} \\
\end{align}\)

a = 4,  b = 4,  c = -3
p = 4,  q = -20,  r = 25

Karena a = p maka berlaku
\(\begin{align}
\mathrm{L=\frac{b-q}{2\sqrt{a}}=\frac{4-(-20)}{2\sqrt{4}}=\frac{24}{4}=6}
\end{align}\)

Jawaban : E



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